{"id":15925,"date":"2025-09-11T09:27:34","date_gmt":"2025-09-11T09:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.epicmicron.com\/?p=15925"},"modified":"2025-09-11T09:27:38","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T09:27:38","slug":"improving-the-wear-resistance-of-plastics-dont-miss-these-7-fillers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.epicmicron.com\/vi\/improving-the-wear-resistance-of-plastics-dont-miss-these-7-fillers\/","title":{"rendered":"Mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a? \u0110\u1eebng b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 7 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n n\u00e0y!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ef1a. Khi nh\u1ef1a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong \u00f4 t\u00f4, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u1ed1.<\/strong> Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong ng\u00e0nh. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. Theo th\u1eddi gian, d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 tra d\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 b\u00e1m b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c DuPont ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1938, PTFE \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Teflon. N\u00f3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng d\u00ednh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng d\u00ednh nh\u01b0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 gia ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, b\u1ed9t vi nh\u1ef1a PTFE c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 gia gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng tr\u01a1n nh\u1eb5n, b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ti\u1ebft, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m m\u00e0i m\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ed5 sung t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u00e0 15% cho nh\u1ef1a v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 20% cho nh\u1ef1a tinh th\u1ec3. B\u1ed9t vi nh\u1ef1a PTFE \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nh\u1ef1a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7, m\u1ef1c in, ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 cao su \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng d\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n POM gia c\u01b0\u1eddng PTFE th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. Molypden Disulfide<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Molypden disulfide (MoS\u2082) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n r\u1eafn m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 \u00e1nh kim v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ecbn. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n r\u1eafn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong nh\u1ef1a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u1ed1 nylon. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Nylon 66 pha tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi MoS\u2082 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n so v\u1edbi nh\u1ef1a nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a MoS\u2082 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n va \u0111\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, ph\u1edbt v\u00e0 thanh tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Than ch\u00ec<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Teflon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Than ch\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ma s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 gia ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, than ch\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf b\u01a1m, c\u00e1nh b\u01a1m v\u00e0 ph\u1edbt van. N\u00f3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Polysiloxan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Polysiloxane l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n di chuy\u1ec3n. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ebbo, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n di chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a polysiloxane quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014\u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 lo\u00e3ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay h\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c di chuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 nhanh, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. S\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb silicon dioxide. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 gi\u00f2n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 gia c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ef1a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed polymer. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00e1y b\u01a1m, van, \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. S\u1ee3i Carbon<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee3i carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cacbon h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh, s\u1ee3i carbon c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt m\u00e0i m\u00f2n h\u01a1n s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng piston kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. S\u1ee3i Aramid (Kevlar)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee3i aramid, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c DuPont ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. N\u00f3 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n th\u00e9p t\u1eeb n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, n\u00f3 m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt m\u00e0i m\u00f2n h\u01a1n s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3i carbon. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi polyethylene c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ef1c cao, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u0169 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 va \u0111\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"M\u00e1y<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y m\u00f3c b\u1ed9t Epic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n