{"id":16042,"date":"2025-09-28T07:15:56","date_gmt":"2025-09-28T07:15:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.epicmicron.com\/?p=16042"},"modified":"2025-09-28T07:17:23","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T07:17:23","slug":"lithium-battery-cathode-slurry-carbon-black-dispersion-issues-and-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.epicmicron.com\/ar\/lithium-battery-cathode-slurry-carbon-black-dispersion-issues-and-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 NMP \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 <30% RH\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644) \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PVDF \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a NMP\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 "\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643" \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 PVDF \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637: \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 PVDF \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 PVDF \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 PVDF \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a NMP \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 50-60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

(1) \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 LFP \u0648NCM) \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627: \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629: \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 (NMP) + \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (PVDF): \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 NMP (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 70-80% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a) \u0645\u0639 PVDF. \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646 PVDF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 (\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 + \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 NMP \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629): \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 (\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646) \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0646 NMP (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10-20%) \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629\/\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628. \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0642\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 PVDF \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646! \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c 30-60 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629) \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 (LFP\/NCM\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e): \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0641\u0651\u0636 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 (\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644) \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 (\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 (NMP \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629): \u0623\u0636\u0641 NMP \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0629 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10%) \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a. \u0627\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0651 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a (\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0624 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 + \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629) \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a (\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0623\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(3) \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 "\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a": \u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 "\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637" (\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629) \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 "\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a" (\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629). \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\/\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637: \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 40 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629). \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 PVDF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u064f\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0639\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a. \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u064f\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u0635\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635: \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629. \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629: \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0635 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0630\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0631 + \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0629).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627: \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0641\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0645\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0646
\u0645\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0631<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

6 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a (NMP)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a: <\/strong>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643\/\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a (\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629: \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u226420 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0650\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a). \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u062a\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0650\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n